Role of Stakeholder Paper Example

Job of Stakeholder Paper Example Job of Stakeholder Paper †Research Paper Example Job of Stakeholder Introduction The term partners alludes to people or gatherings who depend on an association to accomplish their objectives while the association rely upon them for help and different angles, for example, administration. These incorporate individuals who are probably going to profit by company’s activities consequently move in the direction of the achievement of the organization. Partners in this manner incorporate people who have impact in the running of an organization (investors and representatives) notwithstanding different people who might be worried in the company’s exercises however don't possess it. For the most part, partners are altogether elements who impact or are influenced by the activities and choices of an association. Partners are the people or gatherings that share the advantages and dangers of an organization. They are accordingly and are influenced by the executives choices. Be that as it may, some partner may not be on the side of the organizations choices relying upon the impact such choices may have on them. The partners are in this manner vital and impact the administration of an organization. This paper centers around the job of partners in actualizing a quality administration process. The main partners in any business incorporate chiefs, investors, organization representatives, government, networks, customers, worker's organizations, and different organizations or associations. Workers are significant benefactors in dynamic along these lines their feelings are vital in running of an organization or business (Jackson, Sawyers, Jackson, Sawyers, and Jenkins, 2008). Exchange union’s job in execution of value the executives in an organization since they impact organization choices with respect to workers security, remuneration just as the enrollment procedure. Investors are the most significant segment of an organization and assume a urgent job in usage of the board procedure since they are keen on the government assistance of the organization in which they have contributed. They likewise participate in creation of some organization choices. Clients or customers are another significant partner who decides how an organization ought to be overseen. This is on the grounds that clients impact the executives perspectives relating to quality, morals, just as authoritative qualities. For instance, a food preparing industry should remember the significant clients for the board perspectives with respect to the quality to guarantee that the item made address their issues. The legislature is a basic partner in any association, which impact diverse ad ministrative viewpoints consequently the board. The legislature directs highlights, for example, tax collection and friends enactment subsequently the nature of the board (Jackson, Sawyers, and Jenkins, 2008). Different associations are additionally significant substances that influence the administration of an organization. They could be the contenders or the wholesalers. A genuine case of an association where other association are significant partners is an assembling organization where the retailers engaged with circulating company’s item and along these lines impact the executives choices (Foster, 2012; Jackson, Sawyers, and Jenkins, 2008). References Encourage, T. (2012). Overseeing Quality: Integrating the Supply Chain. New York: Pearson Education, Limited. Jackson, S., Sawyers, R., and Jenkins, G. (2008). Administrative Accounting: A Focus on Ethical Decision Making. Stamford: Cengage Learning.

Big Five Personality Traits and Age Essay

The point of the current examination was to research the correlation between the large five character attributes and guys and females between 15 to 30 years and 50 years and over. 26 females and 26 guys finished a Big 5 Personality Test web based, utilizing the web. The theory that, guys and females, between the ages of 15 to 30 years, would score higher in Openness to experience and Extraversion than guys and females who are 50 years and over, was bolstered. It was presumed that Openness to experience and Extraversion were higher in the individuals who were between the ages of 15 to 30 years of age than the individuals who were 50 years and more seasoned. In view of these discoveries it could be summed up that individuals between the ages of 15 to 30 are progressively creative, friendly and fiery than the individuals who are 50 years and more established, while the individuals who are 50 years and over are increasingly sorted out, solid, kind and unassuming. Presentation Age-related contrasts in character have caught the consideration of numerous individuals. Character can be characterized as â€Å"an individual’s remarkable example of musings, emotions and conduct that are moderately steady after some time and across situations†. (Grivas and Carter, 2010) Costa and McCrae (1999) had built up a five-factor model to clarify the five major factors that make up a character, the five components are: Openness to Experience (incorporates qualities, for example, innovative, inquisitive, masterful, sensitive, clever and offbeat), Conscientiousness (incorporates characteristics, for example, composed, exhaustive, productive, skilled, solid and self-restrained), Extraversion (incorporates attributes, for example, active, friendly, garrulous, fiery, emphatic and brave), Agreeableness (incorporates attributes, for example, helpful, consistence, thoughtful, kind, warm, sympathetic and humble) and Neuroticism (incorporates attributes, for example, te nse, on edge, testy, bad tempered, imprudent, hesitant and weakness). Past research had been led to examine age contrasts in character over the grown-up life length in five distinct societies. Costa and McCrae (1999) utilized examples from Germany, Italy, Portugal, Croatia, and Korea and found that Extraversion and Openness to encounter were lower in more seasoned members than more youthful members while Conscientiousness and Agreeableness demonstrated the opposite example. Neuroticism was seen as lower in more established members than more youthful members in Germany, Portugal, and Korea though age contrasts were not noticeable in Italy and Croatia. (Donnellan and Lucas, 2007) At present, an examination between the five factors and age has not been explored in guys and females between the age of 15 to 30 years and 50 years and over. The point of the current examination was to explore the correlation between the huge five character attributes and guys and females between 15 to 30 years and 50 years and over. It was estimated that guys and females between the ages of 15 to 30 years would score higher in Openness to experience and Extraversion than guys and females who are 5 0 years and over. Strategy Members The example comprised of 52 members (26 guys and 26 females). Members were placed into 2 gatherings relying upon age. 13 guys and 13 females were somewhere in the range of 15 and 30 years old, and 13 guys and 13 females were 50 years or over. Materials-A Big 5 Personality Test was finished on the web, which was gotten to at the accompanying site: http://www.outofservice.com/bigfive/Procedure-Participants gave composed educated assent and were educated regarding their withdrawal rights and classification of their own subtleties. Members were to finished a Big 5 Personality Test online which was gotten to on the site. Members got a score out of 100 for every one of the qualities. Information was gathered, summed up and deciphered. Figure 1: Mean scores on every one of the five character qualities. As appeared above, on normal members between the age of 15 to 30 scored 58 on Openness to experience and members who are 50 years and over got a score of 30. Members who are between 15 to 30 years old scored 50 on Conscientiousness though members who are 50 years and over got a mean score of 75. Members 15 to 30 years scored 66 on Extraversion and members 50 years and more seasoned got a score of 35. Members 50 years and over got a mean score of 60 on Agreeableness while members who are 15 to 30 years got a score of 45. Members who are 15 to 30 years old got a mean score of 53 in Neuroticism and members 50 years and more established got a mean score of 45. Conversation The theory that, guys and females, between the ages of 15 to 30 years, would score higher in Openness to experience and Extraversion than guys and females who are 50 years and over, was bolstered. These discoveries show that the more youthful age gathering (15-30 years) scored higher in Openness to experience and Extraversion while the more established age gathering (50+ years) scored higher in Conscientiousness and Agreeableness. The gathering comprising of 15 to multi year old members scored higher in Neuroticism yet had close mean scores to those in the 50 years and over gathering. The outcomes were like the proof found by Donnellan and Lucas (2007) that â€Å"Extraversion and Openness to encounter are contrarily connected with age while Agreeableness is decidedly connected with age. â€Å" Future research should concentrate on investigating the five-consider model distinctive age bunches with fluctuating social foundations. The current examination has various impediments; a constraint could be that the online test may not be substantial so it doesn't precisely get to character. It is questionable whether a sufficient example size was gotten. What's more, conceivable incidental factors may have likewise assumed a job, including the participant’s mind-set at the present time of finishing the online test and individual qualities, for example, their inspiration to finish the online character test. These incidental factors ought to be limited or controlled for in future examinations concentrating on the five variables of a character. Taking everything into account the current investigation found that Openness to experience and Extraversion were higher in the individuals who were between the ages of 15 to 30 years of age than the individuals who were 50 years and more established. In light of these discoveries it could be summed up that individuals between the ages of 15 to 30 are progressively inventive, inquisitive, cordial, volatile and enthusiastic than the individuals who are 50 years and more seasoned, though the individuals who are 50 years and over are increasingly sorted out, solid, kind, warm and humble. Be that as it may, the discoveries of the current examination ought to be considered with alert, given the quantity of restrictions talked about above. References Costa, T.R. and McCrae, R.R. (1999) Age Differences in Personality Across the Adult Life Span: Parallels in Five Cultures. Formative Psychology, 35, 466-477 Costa, T.R. and McCrae, R.R. (2010) Theories of Personality †Costa and McCrae Five-Factor Model. Brain science for the VCE Student Units 1&2 5E, 531-534 Donnellan, M.B. and Lucas, R.E. (2007) Age Differences in the Big Five Across the Life Span: Evidence from Two National Samples. Brain research and Aging, 23, 558-566 Grivas, J. and Carter, L. (2010) Ways of Describing Personality. Brain research for the VCE Student Units 1&2 5E, Chapter 12

Thomas Hardys Jude the Obscure Essay -- Jude the Obscure Essays

The mien and demeanor of a character is uncovered to a peruser by the creator all through any work of writing, however a huge bit of the portrayal happens in explicit cases at certain key focuses in the plot of a novel or play. This portion about Jude and Sue, from Thomas Hardy's Jude the Obscure, uncovered huge experiences into their actual aims and feelings of themselves, others, and life when all is said in done. This creator causes a one of a kind persona for every one of the occupants of these two houses by using a miserable tone and horrifying style, close by imagery that copies the present circumstances wherein the two characters wind up captured. At the outset, the creator presents the characters at the same time, each with a similarly desolate and unsettled state of mind encompassing them(lines 2, 3). The individual conditions are ignored so as to catch both of their neglected emotions together, which drives the peruser to imagine an association between the two; this foretells a potential secret relationship, particularly when he question[s] his reverential model(l.3). At the point when he addresses himself, he gives the indications of a low certainty level, which could uncover a low confidence and perhaps an independent, calm character; the semicolon that goes before this entry uncovers considerably progressively about Jude, since it associates the desolate and demoralized tone around this piece of the section with his assessments about himself, prompting the end that he doesn't confide in his own judgment and has potentially made comparable mistakes in the past(ll.2, 3). Jude watches the house as it disappear[s] behind the night conceal, reflecting his winding down odds of experiencing Sue, which further builds up his hidde... ...ned by an occasion that doesn't interfere with the plot yet is similarly as compelling at revealing the real importance and associations in the plot itself. In the tale about Jude and Sue, Thomas Hardy had the option to interconnect the tale of a hare and a couple so that the essentialness of the scene was not brought down, and he was as yet ready to pass on his point. He utilized word usage that indicates constrainment and a tone that catches the partition that Jude and Sue feel so as to mirror his real contemplations on marriage, and he represented a significant communication by method of an apparently inconsequential act so as to show a covered up yet incredible association. Through this, Hardy completely uncovered the nature and scrape of both Sue and Jude with the goal that the peruser can comprehend, and anybody can identify with the all inclusive, center sentiments communicated in this extract.

Kenyon And Hall Everlasting Love Essays - Guggenheim Fellows

Kenyon And Hall Everlasting Love The sonnets that are portrayed in the book by Hall and the book by Kenyon are diverse in their subjects and articulation of their thoughts. In spite of the fact that these writers appear to be diverse in their work; the two of them appear to share an ongoing theme. That string is the affection that Hall and Kenyon have for one another. This is appeared in the sonnet Alone for a Week by Jane Kenyon and an untitled sonnet from pg. 11 of Donald Hall Without. Despite the fact that Kenyon's sonnet manages more of a sentiment of dejection and longing for the arrival that will come. Corridor's sonnet is about recognition of the one he adored and desires for something that he knows won't return however must be managed. In the event that we take a gander at the sonnet Alone for a Week by Jane Kenyon we see the subtleties that show her love for Hall. We see her alone at home while Hall is away. So she should get things done to keep her self occupied while he is gone to take her psyche of the reality that he is no more. By Kenyon's promise decision we get the inclination that the brief timeframe that he is gone appear s any longer to her then it truly is. She utilizes expressions to express this, ...your pad stout, cool... These give the impression that the pad has not been utilized in quite a while, as though it might never be warmed once more. Be that as it may, all through the sonnet she is confident of his arrival soon. Smolen 2 The untitled sonnet by Hall on the other hand isn't confident of the arrival of his significant other; its truth has just hit him and passed. Presently all he needs to live with is little, however critical minutes that may have appeared to be trifling to them right now. These minutes currently are all he needs to recollect his significant other by. The feeling of adoration that is found in the Kenyon sonnet is still there however. The way that he affectionately depicts her. Simply his selection of words appear to pass on the affection that he had and still does of his adoration. At the point when she was forty she came into her beauty... this section mirrors his affection that developed increasingly more as the more established they got. This sonnet has an a lot darker and more troubled feel to it then the somewhat joyful inclination that the Kenyon sonnet has. In spite of the fact that it feels darker than the Kenyon sonnet it despite everything has a caring vibe to it, not simply misery and lament. The sonnets in Jane Kenyon's In any case appear to be progressively about her encounters. Loaded with scenes of her life, however generally of her time with Hall and additionally for the most part of time spent in New Hampshire. Then again the photos that Lobby paints for us in his book WITHOUT, is one after the passing of his significant other. This makes the greater part of the sonnets be of the misery and misfortune that Hall feels in the wake of losing an amazing lady. In spite of the fact that these sonnets appear to be about two distinct subjects, the two of them show the way that these two individuals both had huge affections for one another. To them it didn't make a difference what happened they would get past it regardless, I am Telly Savalas

How to Build and Manage an Online Community

How to Build and Manage an Online Community Online communities bring together people from across the globe to share their experiences and expertise. They are vibrant, multi-dimensional and take social interaction to a new level. For people who create and manage such communities, the main source of satisfaction comes from watching their creation thrive and succeed.This is not the only motivation: creators of online community derive pleasure from the power and influence that they get from creating, managing and controlling a group of people, the fame and status that comes with it and the sense of belonging that community participation brings. © Shutterstock.com | Rawpixel.comThis article discusses online communities and examines them in detail to see how effective they are for businesses. It covers the following areas: 1) an introduction to online communities, 2) evolution and history of online communities, 3) benefits of online communities, 4) creating an online community, 5) tools for online community management, and 6) a conclusion.INTRODUCTION TO ONLINE COMMUNITYHuman beings are social creatures, and we need to interact with other human beings to be able to survive. This is the reason why we form groups and look to connect with other humans on some level.1) What Is a Community?A community can be described as a group of people or a social unit that comes together and connects to each other to share some common interest or value. Communities can be based upon geographical area, interests, ideas, location or area, religion, beliefs, hobbies or any other thing that is common to a group of people. Communities can be big o r small, and can be confined to a small area or spread across the globe.2) What Is an Online Community?With the advent of the internet, more people have started to socialize and create communities in the virtual world. The rules of the game remain the same; these communities draw together people who share a common idea or interest. The difference is that these are created by users of the internet, and provide a cohesive unit for the people who use the internet. Since the online community is not confined by geographical constraints, the members of the community are spread across the globe. The communication within the community is through the means provided by the internet that include instant messaging, email, online forums, BBMs, social media, etc.3) Online Community Is not Social Media (Difference Between Social Networks and Online Community)People often consider social networks like Twitter or Facebook to be an online community. But this is not true, social networking and online communities are two distinct parts of the whole called Social Media. Social networking is not the same as an online community. The two share some common features, but their nature and functions are different. They both depend on the internet for their existence. People converge and form groups, find information and share things in both social networking sites and online communities. The similarities end there.All social networks are formed of people you know or have met, or are people who are connected to someone within your social group. These people are your family, friends, acquaintances, and friends of friends, etc. People join social networks to stay in touch with each other, maintain relationships and forge new connections or relationships and to expand the social network. This is how sites like Facebook, Linkedin, Twitter, etc. work. A person can form only one social network. It is extremely difficult to have multiple identities on the social network, as it is such a personal interaction.Online communities, on the other hand, consist of people from various walks of life and seem to be totally unrelated to each other. The only commonality between the people of an online community seems to be their area of interest. It is their shared ideas, interests, professions that bring people together to form a community. The members join in because they wish to share, contribute and learn from one another. Some members contribute, while others benefit from the collective knowledge shared within the community. Since people have many different interests and goals, an individual can be a part of several online communities at a time.Given the nature of the two, social networks, and online communities can be targeted by businesses for different results.EVOLUTION AND HISTORY OF ONLINE COMMUNITIESThe first form of communication using the internet was the e-mail developed by ARPAnet in 1972; these were person to person communications. Multiple messages that could be sent t o multiple users took time in developing and became possible only in the 1980’s when a graphical user interface came into existence. The first online social communities appeared with BBM services. After this, many other social interaction services appeared which include Usenet News, Listservers, etc. Internet Relay Chat, better known as IRC, was developed in 1988, and this was the birth of instant messaging and chat where people could exchange text messages in real time. IRC services included ICQ and AOL. When the World Wide Web was developed in 1991, the internet as we know it now appeared. WWW popularized the net and facilitated the creation and existence of online communities. The first of these communities were fueled by online games such as Doom, Everquest, Quest, etc. Now the internet communities have evolved to encompass all areas of interest and knowledge. With the introduction of VOIP, video streaming, images, and sounds, the online communities have expanded into all area s of our lives. Smart devices have made the communities even more dynamic and accessible to its members, who can now interact with the community anywhere, on the go. More people are joining in, and the nature of the communities is changing every day.BENEFITS OF ONLINE COMMUNITIES FOR COMPANIESWhen it comes to businesses and companies, creating or participating in online communities can be very profitable. Having an online community is as good as having an extension of your marketing team, which can reach out to hundreds, if not thousands of customers. These customers act as motivators for your business and make positive contributions to the community. It provides the business an opportunity to promote itself and interact with its customers, and provides them with tailor-made experiences. It enables companies to:Understand their customers and what they want better.Find potential customers and interact with the community to increase conversions.Research what products and services the customers desire and provide tailor-made solutions.Gather market intelligence, analyze it and implement it in future activities.Build brands and reputation for the company.Induce discussion and debate about products and services provided by the company and any new products that are being introduced. The discussions within the community inform and familiarize people with the new products and its benefits, without the company having to sell hard.Enhance its content reach.Increase its customer loyalty.Improve its customer care services and reduce the number of queries and support calls that the company receives. It increases customer satisfaction and encourages knowledge sharing.CREATING AN ONLINE COMMUNITYBuilding an online community is not an easy task. It takes a lot of dedication, patience, and hard work to create a successful community. A community provides a platform for interaction amongst the members as well as between the members and the administrators of the community. Having a community that is dedicated to your business is the easy part, but keeping the community thriving and growing requires inputs from the administrators as well as members of the community. Let us take a look at the process involved in creating, maintaining and expanding community.1) How to Start Creating an Online CommunityWhen you start creating an online community, you need to keep in mind that the community is completely dependent on internet. So you need to ensure that the community is one that can be easily accessed by the maximum number of people. You may need to take into account the internet speed, which is not the same for everyone. Some have high-speed internet while others struggle with very slow speeds. The community has to cater to both kinds of members. International communities that are spread across the globe also have to take into consideration the time zones and availability of the members. Before you begin, you have to decide whether you wish to create a private community where the membership is restricted, or a public community where anyone can join.To build a community you have to do the following:Determine a purpose or goal for it.Decide who your target audience will be.Design the site keeping in mind the tools for interaction and the structure of your community.Decide upon the manner in which you will host the community.Create the community using tools available.Create interesting content for the community.Invite or attract members to join your community.Administer it properly so that the community flourishes and expands.2) Who Can Participate in a CommunityOnline communities exist because people have a common interest and knowledge, which they wish to share with other interested people. Anyone who is interested in the theme or purpose of an online community can participate in it. The motivation to join may be to gain knowledge, conduct research, share ideas, social interaction and more. If there is a strong motivating factor and the de sire to socialize, a person can join an online community. Some of these communities are private, and people may need invitations to join up. Most online communities are public communities, and anyone with sufficient interest can participate. There are many different types of communities online for people to join.Types of Online CommunitiesAny community is bound together by some common factors. These factors determine the type of community that is available online. The five main categories based upon common factors are:Interest: People who share common interests or passions come together to form a community.Place: People are brought together by geographical areas.Practice: Profession or practicing certain activities is a binding factor of such communities.Ideology: People aspiring to the same humanitarian or global goal and following ideologies to bring about a change come together in such communities.Circumstances: People are brought together by circumstances or external forces.With in these five groups we have various other categories which include:Family Groups: These are communities where families and extended families get together to share news, views, and happenings.Role Playing: This is for role players, where people dress up and behave like a character from a comic or mythology. This is a growing trend.Medical Support Group: These groups are organized around the common theme of medical problems, especially major illnesses like cancer. People suffering from similar medical problems come together in such communities.Ethnic Group: These communities are based on ethnicity. People belonging to a particular ethnic group come together to share their lives.Travel Communities: Travelers form communities to share tips, reviews, and off-beat things to do and places to visit.Professional Groups: These communities are organized by profession. People following a certain profession or interested in it come together to share insights, new developments, tips, etc.Special Interest Groups: These communities could be organized along any common interest. It could be sharing the same space, living similar lives, sharing same ideologies or philosophy, etc.Creative Sharing Groups: These communities attract creative people who share their work and guide each other towards greater skills development.Geographically Related Groups: Formed along geographical lines, people belonging to a particular geographical area from these communities.Collaborative Groups: When a group of people is jointly involved in doing something and collaborating together, they form a collaborative community.Hobby Groups: People who are interested in a particular craft or hobby form a community where they can share tips and tricks with each other.DIY groups: There is a growing group of DIY enthusiasts. These communities are formed on the common interest of DIY techniques and projects.Relationship Groups: These communities could be created by corporations, businesses and companies to cr eate a stronger relationship with their customers. These could also be created so that people could search for other people who are interested in having a relationship can come together and interact.These are only some of the types of communities that are present on the internet. There are thousands of communities covering practically all the topics and interests that people can share.3) Reach out to PeopleThe most important part of community building is reaching out to people. Unless people know that an online community exists that can be of value to them, they will not join in. The most important ways to reach out to people is through the following tools:EmailNewsgroupsChatsMessage BoardsPhoneIn personOther means include using good content, initiating interesting dialogues and discussions to attract people to your community. If you try and recruit a certain number of people every day, soon your community will be thriving and growing on its own. But there are few people who make th at effort. Most community managers cannot sustain the effort beyond the initial flush.4) Promote ItA community, like any other organization, business or company, benefits through publicity and marketing. Traditional tools of marketing and promotion apply to virtual communities too. Below is a list of such tools:Conventional advertisements are a good way of introducing your community to the world;Use Banner Ads and pay per click advertisement campaigns;Write blogs and engage in social media promotion;Use SEO;Create a website;Use Social media to talk about your community;Use email campaigns to promote your community;Use your professional and personal network to augment your presence and promote your community;Participate in other similar communities and generate interest about yourself and your community;Create offline events to engage your community members and meet them personally;Use incentives like giveaways, contests, and online events to generate and sustain interest;Constantly post interesting content on your site;Use technology to keep the community members in touch with the happenings, news and views of the community.5) Manage ItManaging an online community is much like managing any offline community. A community consists of many different people with different personalities, motivations and values. All these have to be taken into consideration when administering a community. During the initial stages, the community needs a lot of inputs from the administrators. The new members have to be initiated into the community and have to be guided through the onboarding process. Once the community is established, the interventions of the founders and administrators lessen, and soon the community is thriving and sustaining itself. The interactions between members develop on their own and keep the community growing.5.1 Who Is a Community Manager and What Does He Do?Any person who administers a community is the community manager. There can be one or many managers i n a community. Community managers are also called administrators. Their job changes as the community grows and expands. At various stages of the community, its manager has to wear a number of hats and be a leader, a content manager, moderator, promoter and advocate, mediator, and an analyst for the community.The main work of the admins or community managers includes:Inviting new members and once they join, welcoming them. Taking the new members through the onboarding process, familiarizing them with the community, its rules and regulations.Helping create relationships between members, introducing new members to other members, and promoting certain members who they feel might benefit the community.Identifying the key members and influencers of the community and initiating a better relationship with them in order to enhance the growth and influence of the community.Once the community is thriving, one of the key duties of the manager is moderating the community and ensuring that the me mbers adhere to the rules; also initiating and encouraging topics that they want the community to discuss and steering the conversations toward these topics.Creating new content, running campaigns and contests and organizing events for the community. Creating content that is original and search engine optimized, creating brand value and generating leads for a business or the community.Finding ways to respond to certain community discussions and helping to address the needs of the cross-section of people who comprise the community.Expanding the community using social media to increase the member base, if necessary. So a community manager has to be well versed in social media and other tools of promotion.Creating reports and measurements regarding the community’s performance and its ROI.Gathering inputs and suggestions from the members and implementing them into the community.5.2 Qualities of a Good Online Community ManagerNot everyone is cut out to be a good community manager. It t akes certain qualities for a person to be a good and effective manager. The qualities of a good manager include:Some college education, though it is not an essential if the person has other important qualities like ability to communicate properly.Great communication skills is important as a community manager is the face of the community, and this face needs to be able to gel and communicate with the community enough to lead it effectively.Good leadership skills are another thing to look for. People will only follow and congregate around a strong leader, which is what a community requires.Sound judgment to be able to decide what content and topic to introduce and share with the community.Emotionally mature and able to empathize with the various members of the community and forge a strong bond amongst them. Should be able to give and take criticism positively.Dedicated worker who is willing to work all hours of the day and night and is available to break important developments and new s to the community 24/7.Passionate about their work and their beliefs.Being detail oriented so that nothing escapes the sharp eyes of the manager.Should be creative and adaptable.Needs to be level-headed and patient.Should have an analytical ability. Should know analytical tools intimately and how to extract information from them to steer the community in the right direction.Be able to work independently and make critical decisions quickly.Be a problem solver.5.3 How to Manage an Online CommunityManaging an online community especially if it is created around a brand or a product requires careful thinking and planning. It also requires active involvement of the community manager. The things to pay attention to while managing a community include:Finding a purpose to keep the community together. It is important to have a clear goal with which the members are aligned.Constantly remind the members of the purpose of the community through emails, communications, blogs, chats, etc.Use good content that is relevant to the purpose of the community to keep the interest level high. Encourage the members to create and post content and initiate dialogue and discussion.Have patience; it takes a while for a community to take off.Be friendly and approachable to the members.Do not be afraid to kick out members who do not adhere to the community guidelines, are trolls, or like to create dissension.6) Encourage ParticipationIn order to have a thriving and vibrant community, it is important to encourage participation by the members. Successful community builders do not build communities for entities that exist in cyberspace, but they create communities keeping in mind that there are real people behind the community handles and that these people have real needs, feelings, emotions, desires, aspirations, etc. It is imperative to understand that people are not alike; they each have their different perceptions and personalities. While encouraging participation, community managers need to keep in mind that not all members in a community will participate in an equal manner. In any community, the participation is as follows:A majority of members never participate. They observe and read but rarely post comments or contribute to the community. These types of members are called lurkers and constitute 90% of users.Some of the members read, observe and comment, but not very often. These members only comment occasionally. These members constitute 9% of users.Most of the comments and contributions are made by only 1% of the members of any community. It is from this 1% that all the leaders and influencers of the community can be identified.Based on the types of behavior observed we can categorize the members of any community in the following categories:Public: Anyone who is looking for some information or answers.Subscriber: Person who signs up for a newsletter, email or other such services provided by a community.Prospect: A person who shows interest in a community and wa nts more information or details about the community and downloads extra information.Customer /Member: A person who joins the community and becomes a member either by buying something connected to the community or signing up to become a member.Loyalist: A member who is loyal to a brand or community.Advocate: A person who will advocate for the community and promote it.TOOLS FOR COMMUNITY MANAGEMENTCommunity managers have several tools available to them to manage their online communities. These include:Swayy.co â€" Content searching and sharing tools that allow you to search for content on the internet, share it and also display analytics about the relevance of the article to your community.Scoop.it â€" Content curating and publishing tool.RebelMouse.com â€" Digital publishing platform that allows content to be published across sites, apps, and social media.Paper.li â€" Content curating and publishing tools that automatically collect and share content on the internet.Storify.com â€" Al lows users to create stories or timelines on social media.Hootsuite â€" A dashboard tool that lets users schedule messages and manage social media, etc. from one single interface or dashboard.Sprout Social â€" Social media management and collaboration platform for community and social media managers.Bitly â€" Shortens links and provides community managers insights about links.These are only some of the most popular tools that are used by content and community managers. Other tools include Google Analytical, Demographics Pro, Tweepi, Tweetdeck, Flipboard, etc.CONCLUSIONAs you can see from what has been discussed above, online communities are powerful tools for brand building and promotion for any company and its products or services. Not all communities are successful; sustained effort is needed to make a community successful. One of the biggest myths about community building is that the larger the community, the more successful it will be. This is not true of all communities. People prefer to interact in smaller groups or networks and often leave larger communities in favor of smaller, more intimate groups, and this is why a bigger community is not a mark of its success. A community is constantly evolving and follows a certain lifecycle. You have to be aware of the stage your community is at, to be able to manage it successfully.